[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":364},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-sheet-\u002Fpt\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus":3},{"species":4,"profile":235,"countryNames":274,"lookalikes":287,"similar":294,"comparisons":335,"posts":342},{"id":5,"authority":6,"colonyStructure":7,"confidence":8,"countries":11,"defense":24,"diet":26,"difficulty":30,"dryHumidity":31,"escapeRisk":10,"estimated":34,"experience":42,"extension":43,"finder":44,"founding":45,"growth":46,"guide":47,"hibernation":48,"hibernationMonths":49,"hibernationTemperature":51,"humidity":54,"image":57,"imageCredit":58,"imageHeight":62,"imageWidth":63,"interests":47,"keptSince":47,"legal":64,"lookalikes":67,"majorSize":52,"maxWorkers":71,"meta":72,"nests":73,"nuptialFlightMonths":77,"nuptialFlightTime":47,"nuptialFlightTriggers":47,"polymorphism":80,"queenSize":81,"regions":83,"relatedPosts":85,"reviewedAt":66,"scientificName":89,"sources":90,"stem":221,"subfamily":222,"temperature":223,"tribe":226,"workerSize":227,"__hash__":229,"slug":230,"genus":231,"nickname":232,"aliases":233,"tagline":234},"species\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus.yml","Santschi, 1925","facultative",{"biology":9,"husbandry":9,"nuptialFlight":10},"medium","low",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23],"ES","PT","FR","IT","MT","CH","DE","SI","HR","RO","BG","GR",[25],"bite",[27,28,29],"seeds","insects","sugar",2,[32,33],30,50,[35,36,37,38,39,40,41],"temperature","humidity","hibernationTemperature","nuptialFlightMonths","workerSize","queenSize","maxWorkers","compiled","yml",false,"claustral","fast",null,"recommended",[50,30],11,[52,53],10,15,[55,56],40,60,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus\u002Fmessor-ibericus.jpg",{"author":59,"license":60,"url":61},"Jonghyun Park (clurarit)","CC BY 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F242538913",800,1200,{"status":65,"checked":66},"free","2026-10-26",[68,69,70],"Messor structor","Messor capitatus","Messor wasmanni",3500,{},[74,75,76],"ytong","sandwich","acrylic",[78,79],4,6,"polymorphic",[82,52],9,[84],"europe",[86,87,88],"how-to-make-a-ytong-nest","how-to-care-for-messor-barbarus","how-to-hibernate-your-ants","Messor ibericus",[91,97,101,106,113,118,122,126,130,134,138,142,146,150,154,158,163,167,171,175,179,183,188,192,196,200,205,209,213,217],{"type":92,"title":93,"url":94,"covers":95},"reference","AntCat: Messor ibericus Santschi, 1925, valid species (protonym Messor structor var. ibericus, lectotype from Gavà, Catalonia, designated by Steiner et al. 2018, with Messor structor novaki Finzi, 1929 from Dalmatia as a junior synonym)","https:\u002F\u002Fantcat.org\u002Fcatalog\u002F440092",[96],"taxonomy",{"type":92,"title":98,"url":99,"covers":100},"Catalogue of Life: Messor ibericus Santschi, 1925 (AntCat classification: Myrmicinae, Stenammini)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.catalogueoflife.org\u002Fdata\u002Ftaxon\u002F42824",[96],{"type":102,"title":103,"url":104,"covers":105},"paper","Steiner et al. (2018), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: Turning one into five, integrative taxonomy uncovers complex evolution of cryptic species in the harvester ant Messor structor (M. ibericus redescribed as one of the five species once lumped under structor)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ympev.2018.04.005",[96],{"type":102,"title":107,"url":108,"covers":109},"Juvé et al. (2025), Nature 646: One mother for two species via obligate cross-species cloning in ants (all workers are first-generation hybrids with M. structor fathers, queens clone M. structor males from stored sperm, hybrid workers in 69 Mediterranean populations without M. structor and in Sicily over 1000 km from it, 65 laboratory colonies kept in a room at 25 °C and 40% humidity and fed grass seeds)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41586-025-09425-w",[96,110,111,112],"biology","distribution","husbandry",{"type":102,"title":114,"url":115,"covers":116},"Schlick-Steiner et al. (2006), European Journal of Entomology 103: More than one species of Messor harvester ants in Central Europe (the German populations near Mainz, now assigned to M. ibericus, are reported after Heller 1971 to swarm and keep their colonies strictly separate, unlike the Lower Austrian ones)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eje.cz\u002Fpdfs\u002Feje\u002F2006\u002F02\u002F25.pdf",[110,111,117],"nuptialFlight",{"type":102,"title":119,"url":120,"covers":121},"Lapeva-Gjonova, Gjonov, Kostova and Mifsud (2025), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: Vibroacoustic signalling of the Maltese Messor ants, with geographical insights into M. ibericus (range from Spain to Greece and Bulgaria, from Germany at 50° N to Crete and Malta, nests under stones, more typical of lower altitudes than M. structor, workers and queens active at night on Gozo)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3897\u002Fjhr.98.170415",[96,110,111],{"type":102,"title":123,"url":124,"covers":125},"Giannetti, Schifani and Grasso (2025), Current Zoology 71: An adhesive drone trap to study the flight altitude preferences of winged ants (Messor ibericus nuptial flights on 9 May 2022 and 30 April 2023 between 11:00 and 14:00 at 24 to 25 °C, queens and males caught 60 to 75 m up)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fcz\u002Fzoaf002",[117],{"type":102,"title":127,"url":128,"covers":129},"Lebas (2021), Osmia 9: Influence des activités humaines sur la répartition des fourmis du genre Messor dans les Pyrénées-Orientales (M. ibericus in gorse scrub, roadsides, banks, vineyards and gardens, largest populations along irrigation ditches, an almost strictly Mediterranean range with a pocket in Germany)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.47446\u002FOSMIA9.9",[110,111],{"type":102,"title":131,"url":132,"covers":133},"Lapeva-Gjonova and Antonova (2022), Biodiversity Data Journal 10: An updated checklist of ants of Bulgaria, after 130 years of research (M. ibericus recorded for Bulgaria by Steiner et al. 2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3897\u002FBDJ.10.e95599",[111],{"type":102,"title":135,"url":136,"covers":137},"Lapeva-Gjonova et al. (2025), Biodiversity Data Journal 13: DNA barcoding of Messor ants of Bulgaria (the COI barcode separates M. ibericus, whose workers are hybrids with M. structor)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3897\u002Fbdj.13.e168586",[96,111],{"type":92,"title":139,"url":140,"covers":141},"AntWiki: Messor ibericus (told from M. structor and M. muticus by the short first funicular segment and the scape base without a lobe, the smallest queens of the complex, the most common structor-group species in Greece, open habitats, country list, swarming and separate colonies near Mainz)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.antwiki.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMessor_ibericus",[96,110,111],{"type":92,"title":143,"url":144,"covers":145},"GBIF: Messor ibericus, occurrence records by country (Italy, Spain, France, Switzerland, Greece, Germany, Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Portugal) and the English name Iberian harvester ant from the Catalogue of Life","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gbif.org\u002Fspecies\u002F1316409",[96,111],{"type":92,"title":147,"url":148,"covers":149},"Wikipedia: Messor ibericus (Iberian harvester ant, xenoparity)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMessor_ibericus",[96,110],{"type":92,"title":151,"url":152,"covers":153},"Wikipedia (Spanish): Messor ibericus, hormiga cosechadora ibérica (warm, open and dry habitats such as scrub, grassland, roadsides, open pine woods and olive groves)","https:\u002F\u002Fes.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMessor_ibericus",[96,110,111],{"type":92,"title":155,"url":156,"covers":157},"iNaturalist: Messor ibericus observations annotated as male (only ten records, several not yet verified, in March and April and again from September to November)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations?taxon_id=840243&term_id=9&term_value_id=11",[117],{"type":159,"title":160,"url":161,"covers":162},"careSheet","Ameisenforum.de: Steckbrief Messor ibericus, früher Messor structor (sizes, mostly polygyne colonies that spread by budding, Ytong nest with a damp area and larger dry areas, winter rest from late October to March in Central Europe)","https:\u002F\u002Fameisenforum.de\u002Fviewtopic.php?t=31069",[112,110,111,117],{"type":159,"title":164,"url":165,"covers":166},"formicarium.it: Scheda di allevamento di Messor structor (Italian populations, which recent studies assign to M. ibericus: polygynous colonies, no true nuptial flight, budding, nest at 22 to 28 °C, optional winter rest at 5 to 15 °C, plaster, Ytong or soil sandwich nests, digging into damp plaster, sweet fruit preferred to honey)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fformiche-italiane\u002Fmessor-structor\u002F",[112,110],{"type":159,"title":168,"url":169,"covers":170},"Ants R Us: Messor ibericus starter kit (claustral founding, nest 18 to 26 °C, 50 to 60% humidity, winter rest from November to February at 15 °C)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.antsrus.com\u002Fproduct-page\u002Fmessor-ibericus-starter-kit",[112],{"type":159,"title":172,"url":173,"covers":174},"FormicaMarket: Messor ibericus care guide (nest 21 to 30 °C and 40 to 60% humidity, winter rest at 12 °C, mostly dry Ytong, plaster or 3D-printed nests; its queen size of 14 to 17 mm and summer flight months do not match the other sources)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicamarket.com\u002Fen\u002Fant-database\u002Fmessor-ibericus\u002F",[112],{"type":159,"title":176,"url":177,"covers":178},"Antariums: fiche d’élevage Messor structor (M. ibericus has a slightly shorter first funicular segment and smaller queens, and is kept the same way)","https:\u002F\u002Fv5.antariums.org\u002Fmessor-structor",[96,112],{"type":159,"title":180,"url":181,"covers":182},"Antkeeping.info: Messor ibericus (country list, flights in May and June)","https:\u002F\u002Fantkeeping.info\u002Fants\u002Fmessor-ibericus\u002F",[111,117],{"type":184,"title":185,"url":186,"covers":187},"forum","formicarium.it forum: Regine Messor structor (Marano sul Panaro, Modena, 17 April 2013: winged queens at a nest entrance in the evening without flying, mating on the ground, budding, and keepers noting that lone queens rarely found a colony)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fviewtopic.php?t=6303",[110,117,112],{"type":184,"title":189,"url":190,"covers":191},"formicarium.it forum: Diario di allevamento di Messor structor (an Italian colony of a few thousand workers with 12 dealate and about 40 winged queens, Ytong nest painted with acrylic paint, heat mat, 12 to 15 crickets or mealworms a week)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fviewtopic.php?t=5580",[112,110],{"type":184,"title":193,"url":194,"covers":195},"formicarium.it forum: Formicai in gesso, verticale e orizzontale (an Italian colony of over 3400 workers and about 30 queens, workers tunneling through damp plaster into the water tank)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fviewtopic.php?t=151",[112,110],{"type":92,"title":197,"url":198,"covers":199},"AntFlights: prenuptial flight of Messor ibericus, Madrid, Spain, 31 March 2025 at 12:41 (sunny and calm, not yet confirmed on the site)","https:\u002F\u002Fantflights.com\u002Ff\u002F2373\u002Fprenuptial-flight-messor-ibericus-comunidad-de-madrid-spain",[117],{"type":92,"title":201,"url":202,"covers":203},"EU list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Implementing Regulation 2016\u002F1141, consolidated)","https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Feli\u002Freg_impl\u002F2016\u002F1141\u002Foj",[204],"legal",{"type":92,"title":206,"url":207,"covers":208},"Wikipedia: List of invasive alien species of Union concern (the listed ants are Brachyponera chinensis, Solenopsis geminata, invicta and richteri, and Wasmannia auropunctata, no Messor)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_invasive_alien_species_of_Union_concern",[204],{"type":92,"title":210,"url":211,"covers":212},"Bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV), Anlage 1: protected species in Germany (Formica only, no Messor)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de\u002Fbartschv_2005\u002Fanlage_1.html",[204],{"type":92,"title":214,"url":215,"covers":216},"MITECO: Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Alien Species, arthropods (no Messor)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.miteco.gob.es\u002Fen\u002Fbiodiversidad\u002Ftemas\u002Fconservacion-de-especies\u002Fespecies-exoticas-invasoras\u002Fce_eei_artropodos_nc.html",[204],{"type":92,"title":218,"url":219,"covers":220},"Japan Ministry of the Environment: list of designated invasive alien species (Invasive Alien Species Act, no Messor)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.env.go.jp\u002Fnature\u002Fintro\u002F2outline\u002Flist.html",[204],"species\u002Fmessor-ibericus","Myrmicinae",[224,225],22,28,"Stenammini",[78,228],8,"2NvbTb3Jrc90cLU5OCA6PRI_bLVohp5t0YlK9ZVHqas","messor-ibericus","Messor","Formiga-colheitadeira-ibérica",[],"Uma colhedora de sementes marrom e peluda do sul da Europa, cujas rainhas criam operárias híbridas clonando os machos de outra espécie.",{"id":236,"title":237,"aliases":233,"body":238,"description":242,"extension":244,"faqs":245,"identification":255,"language":256,"meta":257,"navigation":258,"nickname":232,"notes":259,"path":270,"seo":271,"stem":272,"tagline":234,"__hash__":273},"speciesProfiles\u002Fpt\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus.md","Messor Ibericus",{"type":239,"value":240,"toc":241},"minimark",[],{"title":242,"searchDepth":30,"depth":30,"links":243},"",[],"md",[246,249,252],{"question":247,"answer":248},"Como uma rainha de Messor ibericus pode dar à luz outra espécie?","As operárias dela só podem vir do esperma de machos de Messor structor, então toda operária é híbrida, enquanto o esperma da própria espécie dá novas rainhas. Na maioria das colônias estudadas, ela mesma põe esses machos de structor: alguns de seus ovos carregam apenas o DNA de structor do esperma que ela armazenou e se desenvolvem em clones dos machos com quem ela acasalou. Em uma colônia de laboratório, uma única rainha criou tanto machos peludos de ibericus quanto machos de structor quase sem pelos. Os pesquisadores chamam isso de xenoparidade.",{"question":250,"answer":251},"Minha colônia de Messor structor é mesmo Messor ibericus?","Se ela vem da Itália, da Espanha ou da costa do Mediterrâneo, provavelmente sim. As duas eram chamadas de structor até que um estudo de 2018 dividiu essa espécie em cinco, e um estudo de 2025 encontrou Messor ibericus em 69 populações mediterrâneas sem uma única colônia de structor. Distinguir as operárias exige um microscópio, mas as duas espécies são criadas do mesmo jeito.",{"question":253,"answer":254},"Onde vive Messor ibericus?","Ao redor do norte do Mediterrâneo, da Espanha e de Portugal, passando pelo sul da França, pela Itália, pela Suíça e pelos Bálcãs, até a Grécia, a Bulgária e a Romênia, e ao sul até Creta e Malta, com um posto avançado perto de Mainz, na Alemanha. Ela faz ninho em terreno quente e aberto, como pastagens secas, beiras de estrada, vinhedos e jardins, muitas vezes sob pedras e também em cidades, geralmente em altitudes mais baixas que Messor structor.","Operárias de vários tamanhos, do marrom-avermelhado ao marrom-escuro, com muitos pelos, mais foscas que a Messor capitatus, preta e brilhante. É quase uma gêmea de Messor structor: só o microscópio mostra o primeiro segmento da antena depois do escapo, um pouco mais curto, e suas rainhas são menores, então, ao redor do Mediterrâneo, o lugar de origem é a melhor pista.","pt",{},true,[260,263,266,268],{"kind":261,"text":262},"tip","Um ninho quente e razoavelmente seco combina com ela. A equipe por trás do estudo da Nature de 2025 manteve 65 colônias em uma sala a 25 °C e com 40% de umidade, e as alimentou com sementes de gramíneas. Acrescente um tubo de água ou um único canto úmido, mas mantenha o estoque de sementes seco, porque sementes muito úmidas brotam e as operárias então as carregam para fora.",{"kind":264,"text":265},"watchOut","Uma rainha coletada ao lado de um ninho talvez nunca consiga iniciar uma colônia sozinha. Na Itália, rainhas aladas foram vistas esperando na entrada do ninho em vez de sair voando, e criadores relatam que elas acasalam no chão, depois voltam para o ninho ou saem com um grupo de operárias, e raramente fundam uma colônia sozinhas. Colete algumas operárias junto com uma rainha assim, ou comece com uma colônia que já tenha operárias.",{"kind":261,"text":267},"As sementes são a base da alimentação, com sementes pequenas de dente-de-leão ou de gramíneas para as primeiras operárias. Acrescente insetos conforme a colônia cresce: uma colônia italiana de alguns milhares de operárias consumia de 12 a 15 grilos ou tenébrios por semana. Frutas doces e maduras tendem a agradar mais do que o mel.",{"kind":264,"text":269},"As operárias cavam no gesso e no Ytong onde ficam úmidos. Uma colônia italiana abriu um túnel pelo gesso amolecido até o reservatório de água do ninho, então deixe paredes grossas ao redor das câmaras. Outro criador pintou um ninho de Ytong com tinta acrílica, e as formigas cavaram só onde não havia tinta.","\u002Fpt\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus",{"description":242},"pt\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ibericus","V9eIfzVv5c_TEztvlDg2QFE-F3om0x46zhAOgWg7mP4",[275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286],"Alemanha","Bulgária","Croácia","Eslovênia","Espanha","França","Grécia","Itália","Malta","Portugal","Romênia","Suíça",[288,290,292],{"name":68,"slug":289},"messor-structor",{"name":69,"slug":291},"messor-capitatus",{"name":70,"slug":293},"messor-wasmanni",[295,310,321],{"slug":291,"scientificName":69,"genus":231,"nickname":242,"aliases":296,"tagline":297,"image":298,"experience":42,"guide":47,"difficulty":30,"workerSize":299,"majorSize":300,"queenSize":301,"temperature":302,"hibernation":303,"hibernationTemperature":304,"hibernationBand":305,"sizeClass":306,"founding":45,"colonyStructure":307,"regions":308},[],"Uma colhedora de sementes preta e brilhante, de majores cabeçudas que moem sementes duras em pão de formiga em terreno seco e pedregoso.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-capitatus\u002Fmessor-capitatus.jpg",[78,228],13,[300,53],[224,225],"required",[52,53],"cool","large","monogyne",[84,309],"northAfrica",{"slug":289,"scientificName":68,"genus":231,"nickname":242,"aliases":311,"tagline":312,"image":313,"experience":42,"guide":47,"difficulty":30,"workerSize":314,"majorSize":52,"queenSize":315,"temperature":316,"hibernation":303,"hibernationTemperature":317,"hibernationBand":305,"sizeClass":306,"founding":45,"colonyStructure":319,"regions":320},[],"Uma colhedora marrom, de pele áspera, que divide o ninho com muitas rainhas e se espalha soltando novas colônias por brotamento.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-structor\u002Fmessor-structor.jpg",[78,228],[82,50],[224,225],[228,318],12,"polygyne",[84],{"slug":322,"scientificName":323,"genus":231,"nickname":242,"aliases":324,"tagline":325,"image":326,"experience":42,"guide":47,"difficulty":30,"workerSize":327,"majorSize":52,"queenSize":328,"temperature":329,"hibernation":48,"hibernationTemperature":330,"hibernationBand":332,"sizeClass":306,"founding":45,"colonyStructure":307,"regions":333},"messor-ebeninus","Messor ebeninus",[],"Uma colhedora de um preto-ébano brilhante do Oriente Médio, que guarda as sementes no andar de cima e mantém a cria na terra úmida, bem lá embaixo.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Fmessor-ebeninus\u002Fmessor-ebeninus.jpg",[78,228],[50,318],[224,225],[53,331],18,"mild",[334,309],"middleEast",[336,338,340],{"pair":337,"name":69},"messor-capitatus-vs-messor-ibericus",{"pair":339,"name":68},"messor-ibericus-vs-messor-structor",{"pair":341,"name":70},"messor-ibericus-vs-messor-wasmanni",[343,350,357],{"id":344,"title":345,"description":346,"image":347,"categoryText":348,"path":349},"blog\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-make-a-ytong-nest.md","Como Fazer um Ninho de Ytong - Tutorial","Neste tutorial, você aprenderá a fazer um ninho de Ytong para suas colônias de formigas! Este é um dos melhores tipos de ninho para muitas espécies de formigas!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_ytong_ant_nest_tutorial.png","Tutoriais","\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-make-a-ytong-nest",{"id":351,"title":352,"description":353,"image":354,"categoryText":355,"path":356},"blog\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-care-for-messor-barbarus.md","Como Cuidar de Messor barbarus","Neste guia, você aprenderá como cuidar de Messor barbarus! Temperatura, umidade, alimentação, hibernação, tipo de ninho... e muito mais!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_messor_barbarus_care_guide.png","Guias de Cuidados","\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-care-for-messor-barbarus",{"id":358,"title":359,"description":360,"image":361,"categoryText":362,"path":363},"blog\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-hibernate-your-ants.md","Como Hibernar Suas Formigas - Tutorial de Hibernação","Neste guia, vamos falar sobre hibernação: o que é? Por que as formigas precisam hibernar? Devo hibernar minhas formigas? Vamos ver!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_hibernation_guide.png","Fundamentos","\u002Fpt\u002Fhow-to-hibernate-your-ants",1793205528035]