[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":367},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-sheet-\u002Fspecies\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus":3},{"species":4,"profile":229,"countryNames":267,"lookalikes":283,"similar":287,"posts":346},{"id":5,"authority":6,"colonyStructure":7,"confidence":8,"countries":11,"defense":27,"diet":30,"difficulty":33,"dryHumidity":34,"escapeRisk":10,"estimated":35,"experience":39,"extension":40,"finder":41,"founding":42,"growth":43,"guide":34,"hibernation":44,"hibernationMonths":45,"hibernationTemperature":48,"humidity":51,"image":54,"imageCredit":55,"imageHeight":59,"imageWidth":60,"interests":34,"keptSince":34,"legal":61,"lookalikes":64,"majorSize":34,"maxWorkers":68,"meta":69,"nests":70,"nuptialFlightMonths":74,"nuptialFlightTime":77,"nuptialFlightTriggers":34,"polymorphism":78,"queenSize":79,"regions":82,"relatedPosts":86,"reviewedAt":63,"scientificName":90,"sources":91,"stem":215,"subfamily":216,"temperature":217,"tribe":220,"workerSize":221,"__hash__":223,"slug":224,"genus":225,"nickname":226,"aliases":227,"tagline":228},"species\u002Fspecies\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus.yml","(Latreille, 1798)","monogyne",{"biology":9,"husbandry":10,"nuptialFlight":10},"high","medium",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26],"ES","PT","FR","IT","CH","BE","NL","DE","AT","CZ","PL","HU","GR","BG","TR",[28,29],"bite","sting",[31,32],"sugar","insects","3",null,[36,37,38],"hibernationTemperature","nuptialFlightMonths","maxWorkers","compiled","yml",false,"claustral","moderate","required",[46,47],11,3,[49,50],5,10,[52,53],50,60,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus.jpg",{"author":56,"license":57,"url":58},"Philipp Hoenle (myrmecophil)","CC0 1.0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F289978955",800,1200,{"status":62,"checked":63},"free","2026-10-11",[65,66,67],"Temnothorax nylanderi","Temnothorax tuberum","Temnothorax albipennis",200,{},[71,72,73],"ytong","acrylic","naturalistic",[75,76],7,8,"morning","monomorphic",[80,81],3.5,4.5,[83,84,85],"europe","northAfrica","middleEast",[87,88,89],"how-to-hibernate-your-ants","how-to-make-a-ytong-nest","how-to-make-a-test-tube-setup-tutorial","Temnothorax unifasciatus",[92,101,106,111,115,119,123,127,131,135,139,143,149,153,157,161,165,169,174,178,182,186,190,195,199,203,207,211],{"type":93,"title":94,"url":95,"covers":96},"book","Collingwood (1979), Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8: The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, treatment of Leptothorax unifasciatus (Plazi TreatmentBank)","https:\u002F\u002Ftreatment.plazi.org\u002Fid\u002F78A893AC7750320EA23C5E1A52783F50",[97,98,99,100],"taxonomy","biology","distribution","nuptialFlight",{"type":102,"title":103,"url":104,"covers":105},"reference","BWARS (Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society): Temnothorax unifasciatus (identification, habitat, single queen, sexuals in July and August, mating flights at sunrise)","https:\u002F\u002Fbwars.com\u002Fnode\u002F30",[98,99,100],{"type":107,"title":108,"url":109,"covers":110},"paper","Csősz, Alicata, Báthori, Galkowski, Schifani, Yusupov, Herczeg and Prebus (2024), Zoologica Scripta: Integrative taxonomy reveals inflated biodiversity in the European Temnothorax unifasciatus complex (T. unifasciatus confirmed as a widely distributed pan-European species from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fzsc.12690",[97,99],{"type":107,"title":112,"url":113,"covers":114},"Ward, Brady, Fisher and Schultz (2015), Systematic Entomology 40: The evolution of myrmicine ants, phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Temnothorax placed in the tribe Crematogastrini)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fsyen.12090",[97],{"type":107,"title":116,"url":117,"covers":118},"Giannetti, Castracani, Spotti, Mori and Grasso (2019), Insects 10: Gall-colonizing ants and their role as plant defenders (Temnothorax unifasciatus found nesting in oak galls, worker sizes and colony sizes of gall ants)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Finsects10110392",[98],{"type":107,"title":120,"url":121,"covers":122},"Brunner and Heinze (2009), Insectes Sociaux 56: Worker dominance and policing in the ant Temnothorax unifasciatus","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00040-009-0037-x",[98],{"type":107,"title":124,"url":125,"covers":126},"Heinze and Walter (2010), Current Biology 20: Moribund ants leave their nests to die in social isolation","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.cub.2009.12.031",[98],{"type":102,"title":128,"url":129,"covers":130},"Catalogue of Life (AntCat checklist): Temnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.catalogueoflife.org\u002Fdata\u002Ftaxon\u002FCN22F",[97],{"type":102,"title":132,"url":133,"covers":134},"AntWiki: Temnothorax unifasciatus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.antwiki.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTemnothorax_unifasciatus",[97,98,99],{"type":102,"title":136,"url":137,"covers":138},"GBIF: Temnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798), occurrence records by country (including specimens from Turkey, Georgia, Cyprus and Morocco)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gbif.org\u002Fspecies\u002F1323881",[99],{"type":102,"title":140,"url":141,"covers":142},"Wikipedia (German): Einbindige Schmalbrustameise (queen and worker sizes, nest sites, decline in Germany)","https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEinbindige_Schmalbrustameise",[97,98,99],{"type":144,"title":145,"url":146,"covers":147},"careSheet","Antstore: Temnothorax unifasciatus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.antstore.net\u002Fshop\u002Fen\u002Fants\u002FAnts-from-Central-Europe\u002FTemnothorax-unifasciatus.html",[148,98,100],"husbandry",{"type":144,"title":150,"url":151,"covers":152},"Ameisenhaltung.de: Artenverzeichnis, Temnothorax unifasciatus","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenhaltung.de\u002Fartenverzeichnis\u002Fentry\u002F319-temnothorax-unifasciatus\u002F",[148,98,100],{"type":144,"title":154,"url":155,"covers":156},"Ameisenhaltung.de: Ameisen-Steckbrief Temnothorax unifasciatus by Micky (feeding, nests, temperature swings, finding colonies under stones)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenhaltung.de\u002Fcafe\u002Fthread\u002F6727-temnothorax-unifasciatus\u002F",[148,98],{"type":144,"title":158,"url":159,"covers":160},"Ants R Us: Temnothorax unifasciatus starter kit","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.antsrus.com\u002Fproduct-page\u002Ftemnothorax-unifascitus-starter-kit",[148],{"type":144,"title":162,"url":163,"covers":164},"FormicaMarket: Temnothorax unifasciatus care guide","https:\u002F\u002Fformicamarket.com\u002Fen\u002Fant-database\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus\u002F",[148,100],{"type":144,"title":166,"url":167,"covers":168},"Antkeeping.info: Temnothorax unifasciatus","https:\u002F\u002Fantkeeping.info\u002Fants\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus\u002F",[148,100],{"type":170,"title":171,"url":172,"covers":173},"forum","Ameisenforum.de: Temnothorax unifasciatus Haltungserfahrungen by shar (2008, honey drowning, escape barriers, losses in a hot and damp nest)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenforum.de\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus-haltungserfahrungen-t33196.html",[148],{"type":170,"title":175,"url":176,"covers":177},"Ameisenforum.de: Temnothorax unifasciatus Haltungserfahrungen by chris1994 (queen caught in the Alps in July 2011, founding in a narrow tube, early morning swarming in July)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenforum.de\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus-haltungserfahrungen-t44125.html",[148,98,100],{"type":170,"title":179,"url":180,"covers":181},"Ameisenforum.de: Temnothorax unifasciatus Königin tot, neue Königin? (queenless colony, failed adoption of a new queen)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenforum.de\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus-konigin-tot-neue-konigin-t49566.html",[148,98],{"type":170,"title":183,"url":184,"covers":185},"formicarium.it forum: Diario di allevamento di Temnothorax unifasciatus by Luca.B (cork nest, honey on cotton, alates after the winter rest)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fviewtopic.php?f=18&t=3344",[148,98],{"type":170,"title":187,"url":188,"covers":189},"formicarium.it forum: Temnothorax unifasciatus by Pietro (colony found in an oak gall, gall nest, oil and petroleum jelly escape barrier, feeding)","https:\u002F\u002Fformicarium.it\u002Fviewtopic.php?t=11341",[148,98],{"type":102,"title":191,"url":192,"covers":193},"Ameisenhaltung.de: list of the ant species of Germany with Red List categories after Seifert (Temnothorax unifasciatus: V, early-warning list)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameisenhaltung.de\u002Fcafe\u002Fthread\u002F2835-liste-der-ameisenarten-in-deutschland\u002F",[98,194],"legal",{"type":102,"title":196,"url":197,"covers":198},"EU list of invasive alien species of Union concern (Implementing Regulation 2016\u002F1141, consolidated)","https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Feli\u002Freg_impl\u002F2016\u002F1141\u002Foj",[194],{"type":102,"title":200,"url":201,"covers":202},"Wikipedia: List of invasive alien species of Union concern (ants on the list: Solenopsis and Wasmannia species, Brachyponera chinensis)","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_invasive_alien_species_of_Union_concern",[194],{"type":102,"title":204,"url":205,"covers":206},"Bundesartenschutzverordnung (BArtSchV), Anlage 1: protected species in Germany (the only ants listed are Formica species)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de\u002Fbartschv_2005\u002Fanlage_1.html",[194],{"type":102,"title":208,"url":209,"covers":210},"MITECO: Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Alien Species, arthropods","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.miteco.gob.es\u002Fes\u002Fbiodiversidad\u002Ftemas\u002Fconservacion-de-especies\u002Fespecies-exoticas-invasoras\u002Fce_eei_artropodos_nc.html",[194],{"type":102,"title":212,"url":213,"covers":214},"Japan Ministry of the Environment: designated invasive alien species under the Invasive Alien Species Act","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.env.go.jp\u002Fnature\u002Fintro\u002F2outline\u002Flist.html",[194],"species\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus","Myrmicinae",[218,219],20,26,"Crematogastrini",[222,80],2.5,"_3RB_WlAkq_8pueZdvGoR9p4XjBr6bgZD32xFgbWF8o","temnothorax-unifasciatus","Temnothorax","",[],"A tiny, peaceful ant with a dark band across its gaster, small enough that a whole colony can live inside an acorn.",{"id":230,"title":231,"aliases":227,"body":232,"description":226,"extension":238,"faqs":239,"identification":249,"language":250,"meta":251,"navigation":252,"nickname":226,"notes":253,"path":264,"seo":265,"stem":215,"tagline":228,"__hash__":266},"speciesProfiles\u002Fspecies\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus.md","Temnothorax Unifasciatus",{"type":233,"value":234,"toc":235},"minimark",[],{"title":226,"searchDepth":236,"depth":236,"links":237},2,[],"md",[240,243,246],{"question":241,"answer":242},"Why do dying Temnothorax unifasciatus workers leave the nest?","It is a documented behavior of this species. In a study led by Jürgen Heinze, workers dying from a fungal infection, workers whose life had been cut short by carbon dioxide and workers dying naturally all left the nest and broke off contact with their nestmates days or hours before death. Because it happened whether or not the ants were infected, the researchers concluded that the disease is not steering them and that leaving probably protects the colony from infection. A lone dead worker far from the nest is therefore not necessarily a sign of trouble.",{"question":244,"answer":245},"Where does Temnothorax unifasciatus nest, and does a colony really fit in an acorn?","It nests in small cavities. In the wild it is usually found under flat stones warmed by the sun, in rock crevices, stone walls and stone heaps, less often under bark, in dead branches and in hollow plant stems, and a survey of oak galls in Tuscany found it nesting in galls on the trees. Colonies are small, at most a few hundred workers, so a gall, an acorn or a hollow nut is enough, and keepers note that Temnothorax feel at home in cramped chambers.",{"question":247,"answer":248},"What happens if the queen of a Temnothorax unifasciatus colony dies?","The colony cannot raise new workers without her. After a while a few dominant workers start laying unfertilized eggs, which can only become males, and if a queen comes back to such a colony the workers that became fertile are attacked. Adding a foreign queen is a long shot: one keeper had to separate her from a worker after two hours, and later attempts failed too. A colony that raises young queens of its own can recover, though. In a lab colony described in a German ant-conservation journal, a daughter queen mated inside the small nest and took over after the workers attacked the old queen in the colony's eleventh year in the lab. Digging up a wild colony can also kill its queen, as it did for one keeper within three days.","Tiny workers in yellowish to reddish brown, often with a darker head, and a sharply defined dark band across the gaster; the queen is only a little bigger and darker. The band separates it from look-alike Temnothorax such as T. nylanderi, T. tuberum and T. albipennis, but with so many similar small species, a colony sold under this name is worth checking under a magnifier.","en",{},true,[254,257,260,262],{"kind":255,"text":256},"tip","Give them seasons instead of a constant warm room: keepers describe a hardy species that does better with cooler nights and a real winter rest. Just keep the nest itself from getting hot and soggy, because a sunny, damp setup cost one keeper about two dozen workers and several pupae.",{"kind":258,"text":259},"watchOut","Never put out a free drop of honey or sugar water, because even a tiny drop can trap and drown a worker. Soak a piece of cotton in the liquid instead and replace it often.",{"kind":255,"text":261},"Offer dead prey in small portions and cut hard-bodied insects open. The workers are not active hunters, but they slip into the joints of an insect, hollow it out and carry it to the brood, and keepers report fruit flies, small crickets and mealworm pieces being accepted.",{"kind":258,"text":263},"Escape-proof the setup for an ant this small, because the workers test every seam and gap, especially in the first weeks. Keepers combined fine metal mesh over the ventilation holes with a band of paraffin oil or an oil and petroleum jelly mix around the rim, and one found the oil barrier worked better than a mesh-only design.","\u002Fspecies\u002Ftemnothorax-unifasciatus",{"description":226},"5dbqO_q47GhEU0uf7PT_jOvcJwVECJb7Xyru73BLXkc",[268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282],"Austria","Belgium","Bulgaria","Czechia","France","Germany","Greece","Hungary","Italy","Netherlands","Poland","Portugal","Spain","Switzerland","Türkiye",[284,285,286],{"name":65,"slug":34},{"name":66,"slug":34},{"name":67,"slug":34},[288,312,330],{"slug":289,"scientificName":290,"genus":291,"nickname":292,"aliases":293,"tagline":296,"image":297,"experience":298,"guide":299,"difficulty":300,"workerSize":301,"majorSize":34,"queenSize":303,"temperature":305,"hibernation":44,"hibernationTemperature":308,"hibernationBand":309,"sizeClass":310,"founding":42,"colonyStructure":7,"regions":311},"tetramorium-caespitum","Tetramorium caespitum","Tetramorium","Pavement ant",[294,295],"Red pavement ant","Turf ant","Tiny, tough and fast-growing, as long as your nest is escape-proof.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Ftetramorium_caespitum_colony_on_rocks_5.jpeg","firstHand","how-to-care-for-tetramorium-caespitum","4",[236,302],4,[304,76],6,[306,307],21,27,[49,76],"cold","small",[83],{"slug":313,"scientificName":314,"genus":315,"nickname":316,"aliases":317,"tagline":320,"image":321,"experience":39,"guide":34,"difficulty":33,"workerSize":322,"majorSize":34,"queenSize":323,"temperature":324,"hibernation":44,"hibernationTemperature":326,"hibernationBand":309,"sizeClass":10,"founding":42,"colonyStructure":327,"regions":328},"formica-fusca","Formica fusca","Formica","Silky ant",[318,319],"Dusky ant","Large black ant","A shy, quick-footed black ant that forgives beginner mistakes and is the classic host of slave-making ants.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fspecies\u002Fformica-fusca.jpg",[302,75],[76,50],[306,325],25,[49,76],"facultative",[83,329],"asia",{"slug":331,"scientificName":332,"genus":333,"nickname":226,"aliases":334,"tagline":337,"image":338,"experience":298,"guide":339,"difficulty":33,"workerSize":340,"majorSize":34,"queenSize":341,"temperature":343,"hibernation":44,"hibernationTemperature":344,"hibernationBand":309,"sizeClass":10,"founding":42,"colonyStructure":7,"regions":345},"lasius-emarginatus","Lasius emarginatus","Lasius",[335,336],"ManhattAnt","Central European bicolored ant","A small, fast-growing Lasius with a reddish thorax that loves to dig tunnels.","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Flasius_emarginatus_inside_test_tube_6.jpeg","how-to-care-for-lasius-emarginatus",[47,49],[75,342],9,[306,307],[49,76],[83],[347,354,361],{"id":348,"title":349,"description":350,"image":351,"categoryText":352,"path":353},"blog\u002Fhow-to-hibernate-your-ants.md","How To Hibernate Your Ants - Hibernation Tutorial","In this guide, we’re going to talk about hibernation: What is it? Why do ants need hibernation? Should I hibernate my ants? Let's see!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_hibernation_guide.png","Ant Keeping Basics","\u002Fhow-to-hibernate-your-ants",{"id":355,"title":356,"description":357,"image":358,"categoryText":359,"path":360},"blog\u002Fhow-to-make-a-ytong-nest.md","How To Make a Ytong Nest - Ant Keeping Tutorial","In this tutorial, you will learn how to make a Ytong nest for your ant colonies! This is one of the best nest types for many ant species!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_ytong_ant_nest_tutorial.png","Tutorials & D.I.Y.","\u002Fhow-to-make-a-ytong-nest",{"id":362,"title":363,"description":364,"image":365,"categoryText":352,"path":366},"blog\u002Fhow-to-make-a-test-tube-setup-tutorial.md","How To Make a Test Tube Setup - Ant Keeping Basics","In this tutorial you will learn how to make a test tube setup, the best way to create the optimal environment for a newly mated queen ant!","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.brumaants.com\u002Fimages\u002Fbruma_ants_thumbnail_test_tube_setup_tutorial_new.png","\u002Fhow-to-make-a-test-tube-setup-tutorial",1791900227268]